Shelby Smith asked:

One of the most important retirement decisions facing most Americans is: WHEN TO START SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS. Conventional wisdom has always been “take it as early as possible — age 62″. Why? Several reasons are given: (a) it might not be there if you wait; (b) you can take the benefits and invest them and have more money later; (c) I might die early and never get a dime.

About three-fourths of Americans have heeded this advice and for most it was, or will prove to be, a big mistake. Why? There are several reasons: spousal benefits, higher benefits for delaying, penalties for starting early, penalties if you work while drawing benefits and are less than normal retirement age, and Social Security benefits get favorable income tax treatment.

Spousal benefits: If you qualify for Social Security benefits they will last the rest of your life — what’s more, if you’re married and your spouse is entitled to a lower amount, she/he will “step up” to the higher amount at your death. The spousal benefits say a spouse gets at least 50% (even if they paid zero into their Social Security account) of what the other spouse qualifies for AND the larger amount when the first spouse passes on. So by delaying your benefits your surviving spouse could get a bigger Social Security check every month for the rest of her/his life. Since “break-even” is about age 80 and joint life expectancy is closer to 90 for a married couple age 62, the odds of getting more are overwhelming. In fact, if Las Vegas gave the same odds you’d be booking reservations today.

For every year you delay taking Social Security benefits beyond age 62, your benefits grow between 7.5% and 8.0% annually PLUS a cost of living adjustment (COLA) based on inflation. In the past 30 years inflation has averaged over 3% annually…so your Social Security benefits will grow by over 10% a year. Where else can you get an investment backed by the U.S. Government and pay you over 10% annually? Stop looking, they don’t exist unless you want to take loads of risks. So if you are healthy, married and can afford to wait, postponing Social Security until age 70 will pay great dividends. Social Security will be there because with 50 million current getting benefits and another 76 million (the boomers) coming of age, politicians who vote to do away with Social Security will be unemployed.

If you start benefits at age 62 (the earliest time possible) you get about 25% less than if you wait until your normal retirement age (age 66 for most 62-year olds). This 25% less is for the rest of your life AND COLA is applied to a lower amount to compound the injury. Again, postponing make a great deal of sense.

If you start Social Security before normal retirement age and continue to work, your benefits will be reduced $1 for every $2 you make over about $13,000 annually. Yes, you’ll get this back later but when you consider taxes and the time value of money you’ll be worse off.

The big reason to delay is because Social Security benefits are taxed differently than other income: it is never 100% taxed and it is easy to manage the taxes on your Social Security benefits. PLUS, if taxes rise you’ll want to have as much of your retirement money in tax advantaged places (like larger SS benefits) as possible. Which way to you think income taxes are headed? Let’s see: record federal deficits, fighting terrorism, rebuilding our highways, bridges & infrastructures, an aging population, cleaning up the environment, etc. which must be financed by the federal government with income taxes. No doubt in my mind…how about you?

If you’d like to make sure you get Social Security right — and also take your qualified money (IRA, 401(k), 403(b), TSP, etc.) at the right time and use your other savings & investments wisely, I invite you to read my Guide to Social Security…and a Better Retirement by going to www.theretirementpros.com/eReport_Social_Security.php

You’ll have one chance to get Social Security right, so get all the info you can to make a good decision — most Americans haven’t and they’ll pay a lot more in taxes on their retirement money. Less money in retirement means less of a retirement. For more info on Retirement Planning, go to the Retirement Pros website at www.theretirementpros.com/

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It is the Great Depression of the ‘30s that necessitates the creation of a Social Security program in the US. Poverty reaches its highest peak among older citizens that time and something has to be done.

The Social Security Act, which is considered the first Social Security law, was drafted under the administration of President Roosevelt. It was signed into law on 14 August 1935.

The act addresses many issues, amongst which includes:

• Old age

• Poverty

• Unemployment

• Survivors

• Disability

The Social Security Administration (SSA) is the government agency tasked to administer the program. Later on, it added health insurance benefits in the scope of the Social Security under the Medicare program.

Generally, benefits under the Social Security law are paid based on the workers’ employment record and social security taxes or contributions.

The Social Security Act evolved during the past years as new social and economic issues emerge. Changes were made to provide more protection and coverage for the Social Security members.

The so-called OASDI or the Federal Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance pays monthly benefits to the following qualified individual/s:

• Retirees

• Family of a deceased worker

• Unemployed worker due to illness

• Unemployed worker due to accident

Nowadays, the major coverage handled by SSA, where qualified members are entitled to benefits under the Social Security law, are the following:

Retirement benefits

This benefit is given to a worker who worked and paid Social Security taxes upon retirement. The worker earns credits during the time he was working. His entitlement to benefits and the amount thereof will be based on his earned credits.

The number of required credits depends on the year the worker was born. If he was born in 1929 or later, he will need 40 credits or an equivalent of 10 years of work.

The amount receivable will also vary depending on the worker’s retirement age. If he opted to retire early at the age of 62, his benefits will not be as high when he retires at older age.

Disability benefits

The SSA pays disability benefits under two programs: The Social Security disability insurance (SSDI) and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI).

SSDI is paid for people who were incapacitated to work because of a medical condition that is expected to last at least one year or result in death.

Members of the family of a disabled worker can also benefit under this program.

It is SSI program which will be applied for payments to people with low income who are 65 years of age or over or are blind or have disability.

Survivor benefits

Like retirement benefits, survivor benefits are based on the accumulated credit earned by a worker, during the time he was working and paying Social Security taxes.

The family of a worker is entitled to receive this compensation in the event the working member dies.

Medicare

This is a health insurance program available for people 65 years of age or older. It is also available for person under the age of 65 with certain disabilities and any age with permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant.

To know more information regarding social security benefits and other claims, you can consult with our experienced Los Angeles social security lawyers. You can visit our website to avail of our free case evaluation.

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Types of Social Security Disability Benefits

The Social Security Administration has established a number of different types of disability programs. Although the medical rules are similar under each program, the technical rules on eligibility set each program apart. What program you may be eligible for depends on a number of factors, including your work history, age, household income and marital status. You may be eligible for more than one type of benefits, but generally SSA will pay you the higher benefit amount of any one program you may be entitled to.

Disability Insurance Benefits: This program, also known as “DIB” or Title II benefits, awards benefits to individuals who, because of a physical or mental impairment, are unable to work at a “substantial” gainful level, and their condition has existed or is expected to exist for at least a 12 month period. By “substantial,” SSA means the claimant would be unable to earn over $900.00 per month because of their disability. This dollar amount increases slightly every year. To be eligible for DIB, a claimant must have worked long enough and paid enough into Social Security through their FICA taxes to be “insured.” As a general rule, if a claimant worked at least five of the last 10 years, he would be “insured” for purposes of DIB. How much a claimant receives each month if found disabled and entitled to DIB is based on how much he “paid into” the system during his working life. Generally, the longer someone has worked and the higher his earnings, the more he would be paid if found disabled. Individuals found disabled and entitled to DIB benefits may be awarded retroactive benefits. Retroactive benefits can only go back one year from the date of the initial application. There is a five-month waiting period from the date the claimant is determined to be disabled until entitlement to DIB benefits begin. To illustrate this, if a claimant files a claim for DIB on January 1, 2006 alleging disability as of February 2005, and SSA determines he is disabled and his disability began February 1, 2005, he would be eligible for retroactive benefits starting in July 2005. In addition to receiving individual DIB benefits, your minor children may also qualify for auxiliary benefits based on your disability. These benefits are granted in addition to any benefit you receive. To ensure any minor children are awarded any benefits they may be entitled to, it is important you furnish the names and Social Security numbers of any minor children you have to SSA. The children do not have to live in the same household to be eligible for auxiliary benefits.

Supplemental Security Income: This program, also known as SSI or Title 16 benefits, is a “needs-based” program in which individuals with little or no resources or assets may receive disability benefits. The medical criteria for SSI eligibility is the same as that used for DIB — a physical or mental impairment which prevents you from working at a “substantial” gainful level, and the condition has existed or is expected to exist for at least a 12 month period. Effective January 2007 the SSI payment for an eligible individual is $623 per month and $934 per month for an eligible couple. There is no retroactive eligibility for SSI benefits: benefits can go back only to the month in which your claim was filed. Unlike DIB, there is no five-month waiting period for entitlement to SSI, so your eligibility would begin the month in which you filed your claim or were determined to be disabled, whichever is later. A claim for SSI benefits can also be filed on behalf of any minor children with a disability; however, as with Adult SSI claims, to be entitled to SSI benefits the household income must be below certain limits.

Disabled Adult Child: This program provides disability benefits to adult children of deceased or disabled parents. In addition to the medical requirement that you have a physical or mental impairment which prevents you from working at a “substantial” gainful level, and the condition has existed or is expected to exist for at least a 12 month period, you must also show that your condition has existed and has been disabling since before your 22nd birth date. In addition, you must be the adult child of a parent who is currently receiving DIB benefits, or the Adult child of a parent who is deceased and was “insured” for purposes of eligibility for DIB benefits. It is not necessary that the adult child ever worked because benefits are paid on the parent’s earnings record. The adult child must not have worked and earned “substantial earnings” for an extended period at any point after turning 22; however, certain expenses the adult child incurs in order to work may be excluded from these earnings. An adult child already receiving SSI benefits should check to see if benefits may be payable on a parent’s earnings record. Higher benefits might be payable and entitlement to Medicare may be possible.

Disabled Widow’s/Widower’s Benefits: If you are a disabled widow or widower age 50 or older you may be able to receive benefits off your spouse’s (or former spouse’s) Social Security record. If you are a widow or widower from a spouse you were divorced from, to be eligible for benefits you need to have been married to your spouse for 10 years or longer and your disability must have started before age 60 and within seven years of the date in which the worker died. If you were married to your spouse when they passed away, Social Security does not require that you were married for 10 years. In either case, you will need to provide proof of relationship in the form of your marriage certificate or divorce decree, along with your spouse’s death certificate when you file for benefits. If you file a claim for Disabled Widows/Widower’s benefits and DIB or SSI benefits, you will receive only the higher monthly benefit amount of the two programs.

Medical Insurance: Once you are found disabled and entitled to Social Security disability benefits, you will also be eligible for medical insurance though Medicare or Medicaid. If you filed a claim for DIB, Disabled Adult Child or Disabled Widow’s/Widower’s benefits, you may be eligible for Medicare. However, eligibility for Medicare does not start until you have been disabled for 25 months. If you are approved for Social Security benefits under any of the above-listed programs, SSA will contact you approximately two months before your eligibility for Medicare begins. If you have already been disabled for 25 months, be sure to keep a record of all medical bills as you may be reimbursed by Medicare for these expenses. There is no waiting period for Medicaid; however, your income and resources must be very low to qualify. If you have applied for and have been approved for SSI you probably qualify for Medicaid. You may think that Medicaid and Medicare are the same, but actually they are two different programs. Medicaid is a state-run program that provides hospital and medical coverage for people with low income and little or no resources. Each state has its own rules about who is eligible and what is covered under Medicaid. Some people qualify for both Medicare and Medicaid. For more information about the Medicaid program, contact Social Security or your local social services or welfare office.

This article has been written to give you a general overview of the Social Security disability programs and the disability process. As this article may not address all questions you might have, please contact us for further information.

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